The corresponding surface microstructures induced by ion implantation, obtained using x-ray diffraction and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy, ranked from most to least effective in enhancing lubricant lifetime were: amorphous Fe-Cr-Ti amorphous Fe-Cr-Ti- C + Ti C unimplanted epsilon-(Fe,Cr)(sub x)N, x = 2 or 3 amorphous Fe-Cr- C approximately equals amorphous Fe-Cr-Ti-N. The mechanism postulated to explain these results involves the formation of a passivating or reactive layer which inhibits or facilitates the production of active sites. Ranked from most to least effective, the implanted species were: Ti Ti+ C unimplanted N2 C approximately equals Ti+N2. The lubricated lifetime of the 440 C couple was increased by an order of magnitude by implanting the disc with Ti. The tests were performed in a dry nitrogen atmosphere (less than 1 percent RH) at room temperature using a 3 N normal load with a relative sliding speed of 0.05 m/s. The lifetimes of these films were quantified by measuring the number of sliding-wear cycles required to induce an increase in the friction coefficient from an initial value characteristic of the lubricated wear couple to a final, or failure value, characteristic of an unlubricated, unimplanted couple. Stainless steel discs, either unimplanted or implanted with N2, C, Ti, Ti + N2, or Ti + C had a thin film of PFPE (60-400 A) applied to them reproducibly (+/- 20 percent) and uniformly (+/- 15 percent) using a device developed for this study.
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The lubricating lifetime of thin films of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) based on hexafluoropropene oxide in the presence of ion implanted 440 C stainless steel is presented. The effects of ion implantation on the tribology of perfluoropolyether-lubricated 440 C stainless steel couples
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